Core Number and Cross-Sectional Area: The cable is designed as a Single Core (1c), which is a common structure for earthing cables. It can reduce signal interference and ensure the stability of earthing current conduction. The cross-sectional area reaches 10mm², which is a relatively large specification, meaning it can carry a large earthing current. When electrical equipment leaks electricity or is struck by lightning, instantaneous large currents will be generated. The 10mm² cross-sectional area can quickly conduct these currents into the ground, avoiding equipment damage or personal electric shock caused by current accumulation.
Conductor Structure and Resistance: The conductor is composed of multiple strands of fine Copper Wires twisted together, usually dozens of copper wires with a diameter of about 0.1-0.3mm woven in a specific twisting way. This stranded structure makes the cable have excellent Flexibility. Compared with solid conductors, it can be more easily bent and laid in complex environments such as narrow spaces and corners, reducing construction difficulty. At the standard ambient temperature of 20°C, the maximum resistance of the conductor does not exceed 1.83Ω/km. Low resistance is the core to ensure the earthing effect. The smaller the resistance, the higher the conduction efficiency of the earthing current, and the easier it is for the earthing resistance value to meet the requirements of relevant standards, thus effectively reducing the risk of electric shock.
Insulation Layer Parameters: The insulation layer is made of PVC material, with a thickness precisely controlled between 1.2-1.5mm. Sufficient thickness is the basis to ensure insulation performance, which can effectively isolate the earthing cable from other live conductors, preventing leakage that affects the safety of the earthing system. At room temperature, the insulation resistance of the insulation layer is greater than 100MΩ·km. This high-performance index ensures that during long-term use, the insulation layer will not deteriorate due to aging and other reasons, and always maintain a good insulation effect.
Cable Outer Diameter: The outer diameter of the cable is about 6.0-6.5mm. This size is optimally designed to ensure that the cable has sufficient structural strength and can adapt to conventional earthing conduits and installation channels on the market. It can pass through smoothly in scenarios such as wall embedding and cable tray laying, reducing installation obstacles and improving construction efficiency.
Rated Voltage and Operating Temperature: Although the main function of the earthing cable is to conduct fault current, its rated voltage is designed to adapt to earthing needs in general low-voltage environments (usually 300/500V and below). The operating temperature range is -15°C to 70°C. In cold northern winters or hot southern summers, whether laid outdoors or in indoor enclosed environments, the conductor and insulation layer of the cable can maintain stable physical and chemical properties, without embrittlement, softening and other problems due to temperature changes, ensuring the reliability of the earthing function.
Mechanical Properties: The cable has good mechanical strength and can withstand a certain amount of tension and pressure. During laying, appropriate dragging and fixing will not cause conductor breakage or insulation layer damage. At the same time, it has excellent bending resistance, with a minimum bending radius not less than 6 times the outer diameter of the cable. It can still maintain good performance after repeated bending, adapting to complex installation paths.
Industrial Field:
Earthing of Large Mechanical Equipment: In industrial workshops, the metal enclosures of large mechanical equipment such as lathes, milling machines, and punching machines must be reliably earthed through this cable. During operation, these equipment may generate static electricity or leakage due to motor operation and friction. If not earthed in time, static electricity accumulation may cause sparks and fire, and leakage may cause electric shock to operators. This cable can quickly conduct these currents into the ground, ensuring the safety of equipment and personnel.
Earthing of Production Lines: Automated production lines are composed of multiple equipment in series. The metal connections between various equipment need to form an equipotential through earthing cables to prevent excessive potential difference from generating electric sparks, avoiding interference with the normal operation of production equipment or causing safety accidents. The large cross-sectional area and low resistance characteristics of this cable can effectively balance the potential between various equipment, ensuring the stable operation of the production line.
Earthing in Explosion-Proof Places: In explosion-proof places with flammable and explosive substances such as chemical industry and petroleum, all metal parts of electrical equipment must be strictly earthed. The PVC Insulation layer of this cable has certain flame retardancy, and coupled with good earthing performance, it can quickly conduct current away when equipment fails, avoiding sparks that may cause explosions, meeting the safety requirements of explosion-proof places.
Commercial Building Field:
Earthing of Distribution Boxes and Switch Cabinets: In the power distribution systems of commercial buildings such as shopping malls, office buildings, and hotels, the metal shells and earthing bars in distribution boxes and switch cabinets need to be connected to earthing electrodes through this cable. When the power distribution system has faults such as short circuits and leakage, the fault current can quickly flow into the ground through the earthing cable, prompting protection devices (such as circuit breakers) to trip in time, cut off the power supply, prevent the expansion of faults, and ensure electrical safety in public areas.
Earthing of Elevator Systems: The car, guide rails, control cabinets and other metal parts of elevators must be reliably earthed. Elevators may generate static electricity and induced electricity during operation. This cable can conduct these charges away, and at the same time, ensure that fault current is quickly conducted when the elevator has electrical faults, protecting the safety of passengers and maintenance personnel.
Earthing of Large Entertainment Facilities: The metal shells of large electrical equipment such as amusement facilities in shopping malls and projection equipment in cinemas are earthed through this cable, which can prevent electric shock to tourists and staff due to equipment leakage, and avoid static electricity interference with equipment operation.
Residential Building Field:
Earthing of Household Distribution Boxes: There is a special earthing bar in the household distribution box of residences, which is connected to the earthing network of the building through this cable. The earthing terminals of all three-pin sockets in the home are connected to the earthing bar. When household appliances leak electricity, the leakage current can be conducted into the ground through the earthing cable, thus protecting the personal safety of residents.
Earthing of High-Power Household Appliances: The metal shells of high-power household appliances such as air conditioners, electric water heaters, and electric ovens must be earthed with this cable. These household appliances have high power and high frequency of use. If the internal lines age and cause leakage, the earthing cable can quickly conduct the leakage current away, avoiding electric shock when the human body touches the household appliances.
Lightning Protection Earthing Branch Lines: In the lightning protection devices on the roof of residences, some branch lines can use this cable. When struck by lightning, the lightning current can be conducted to the earthing electrode through the cable, reducing the damage of lightning to residential electrical equipment.
Special Places Field:
Power Substations: The metal shells and structures of equipment such as transformers, circuit breakers, and disconnectors in substations need to be earthed through this cable. During equipment operation or failure, it can quickly conduct current away, stabilize the equipment potential, and prevent high potential differences from causing harm to equipment and personnel.
Communication Base Stations: The iron towers of communication base stations and equipment racks in machine rooms need reliable earthing. This cable can effectively conduct lightning current and equipment fault current, protect communication equipment from damage, and ensure the stable transmission of communication signals.
Earthing of Hospital Medical Equipment: Precision medical equipment such as CT machines and nuclear magnetic resonance instruments in hospitals not only need a stable power supply but also a reliable earthing system. This cable can reduce the interference of poor earthing on the equipment, ensure the measurement accuracy of medical equipment, and prevent electric shock to patients and medical staff due to equipment leakage.
Conductor Material: The conductor is made of high-purity electrolytic copper with a purity of more than 99.9%. High-purity electrolytic copper has excellent conductivity, and its conductivity is close to that of international standard soft copper (58MS/m), which can ensure minimal loss during the conduction of earthing current and improve earthing efficiency. At the same time, electrolytic copper has good ductility and toughness, and is not easy to break during stranding, ensuring the integrity of the conductor structure. In addition, copper has good chemical stability and is not easy to be oxidized and corroded in normal environments. Even in humid environments, it can prevent further corrosion by forming a dense oxide film, prolonging the service life of the cable.
Insulation Layer Material: The insulation layer is made of high-quality PVC material, which has many excellent properties. Firstly, it has excellent insulation performance, which can effectively isolate conductors with different potentials and prevent leakage between the earthing cable and other live bodies. Secondly, it has strong wear resistance, which can resist friction with pipes, walls, etc. during laying and use, protecting the internal conductor from damage. Thirdly, it has good chemical corrosion resistance, which can resist the erosion of acids, alkalis, salt spray and other chemical substances to a certain extent, and is suitable for special environments such as chemical workshops and humid basements. Fourthly, it has certain flame retardancy. According to relevant standards, its oxygen index is not less than 27. When exposed to fire, it burns slowly and can self-extinguish after leaving the fire source, reducing the risk of fire spread.
Style Design:
Color Identification: The insulation layer adopts a yellow-green two-color design, which is an internationally 通用的 dedicated earthing identification with high recognition. The combination of yellow and green is eye-catching and not easy to be confused, enabling electricians to quickly identify the earthing cable during installation and maintenance, avoiding wrong connection to the live wire or neutral wire, and ensuring the correctness of the earthing system. The two colors are evenly distributed, usually in a spiral or parallel strip shape, covering the entire length of the cable, which can be clearly identified at any position.
Appearance: The cable is cylindrical overall with a compact structure. Due to the Stranded Conductor structure, the cable surface has fine stranded lines but is overall smooth and flat. The surface gloss of the insulation layer is moderate, which is not only convenient for observing color marks but also can reduce frictional resistance during laying.
Identification Printing: On the surface of the cable's insulation layer, in addition to the yellow-green two-color identification, there are clear text identifications, including product model (such as 1c X 10mm²), execution standard (such as GB/T 5023, etc.), manufacturer's name or trademark, production date, etc. These identifications are printed with wear-resistant ink, which can remain clear after long-term use, facilitating users to identify product specifications, trace quality and carry out maintenance management.
Copper Rod Melting and Casting: Firstly, electrolytic copper raw materials with a purity of more than 99.9% are put into a melting furnace and melted at a high temperature of about 1083°C. During the melting process, impurities (such as oxides, sulfides, etc.) in the copper liquid are removed by inert gas protection or refining agent addition to improve the purity of the copper liquid. The purified copper liquid is introduced into a continuous casting and rolling machine and cast into a solid copper rod blank with a diameter of 8-12mm. During the casting process, the cooling rate is strictly controlled to ensure that the structure of the copper rod blank is uniform and dense, laying a good foundation for the subsequent wire drawing process.
Copper Wire Drawing: The copper rod blank is drawn through a wire drawing machine for multiple passes to gradually draw the thick copper rod into fine copper wires with a diameter of 0.1-0.3mm. During the wire drawing process, special wire drawing dies are used, and the material of the dies is cemented carbide or diamond to ensure the dimensional accuracy of the copper wires. At the same time, the wire drawing speed and lubrication cooling system are controlled to avoid performance degradation of the copper wire due to overheating during wire drawing. After each wire drawing process, the diameter of the copper wire will be reduced in a certain proportion until it reaches the required specification. The drawn copper wire needs to be annealed by heating to 300-500°C and holding for a period of time to eliminate internal stress in the copper wire, improve its flexibility and ductility, and facilitate subsequent stranding.
Conductor Stranding: A plurality of annealed fine copper wires are stranded by a stranding machine to form a 10mm² single-core conductor. During stranding, a reasonable stranding pitch (usually 10-20 times the outer diameter of the conductor) is set according to the diameter and quantity of the copper wires to ensure the roundness and flexibility of the conductor. The stranding process adopts the untwisting stranding method to ensure that each strand of copper wire is evenly stressed, avoiding loose strands, broken strands and other phenomena. After stranding, parameters such as the outer diameter and cross-sectional area of the conductor are tested to ensure that they meet the design requirements.
Insulation Layer Extrusion (including two-color identification formation): The stranded conductor is fed into the head of the extruder, and at the same time, PVC insulation particles of two colors (yellow and green) are added into the corresponding hoppers respectively. The screw of the extruder heats the PVC particles to 160-190°C to melt and plasticize them. Through a special two-color extrusion die, the two colors of PVC melt are simultaneously extruded and wrapped around the outer layer of the conductor to form a yellow-green two-color insulation layer. The design of the die ensures that the two colors are evenly distributed with clear boundaries, and the overall thickness is controlled between 1.2-1.5mm. During the extrusion process, the screw speed, traction speed and die temperature are precisely controlled to ensure that the insulation layer has uniform thickness, high concentricity and close combination with the conductor.
Cooling and Solidification: The extruded cable immediately enters a cooling water tank for cooling. The cooling water tank is divided into multiple sections, and the water temperature is gradually reduced from high to low (for example, the water temperature in the first section is 60-70°C, and the water temperature in the last section is 20-30°C). A progressive cooling method is adopted to avoid cracking of the insulation layer due to internal stress caused by rapid cooling. The cooled cable insulation layer has moderate hardness, can rebound quickly after being pressed by hand, and has a smooth surface without bubbles, depressions and other defects.
Spark Test: The cooled cable enters a spark testing machine for insulation performance testing. When the cable passes between the electrodes, the testing machine applies a certain high voltage (usually 2.5-5kV). If there are defects such as pinholes and cracks in the insulation layer, the high voltage will break down the defective part and generate sparks. The testing machine will immediately alarm and mark the defect location. Operators will repair or reject the defective cables to ensure that the insulation performance of the delivered cables is qualified.
Take-up and Identification Printing: The cables that pass the spark test are pulled to the take-up machine and wound according to the set length (such as 500 meters, 1000 meters). During the take-up process, the take-up tension is controlled to make the cable wound neatly and tightly, avoiding looseness, distortion and other situations. At the same time, the online printing equipment prints product identifications on the surface of the cable insulation layer, including model, specification, standard, manufacturer information, etc., with clear and firm printing. After winding, the cable is initially packaged and waits for further finished product inspection.
Finished Product Inspection: The wound cables are comprehensively inspected, including appearance quality (insulation layer color, surface smoothness, identification clarity), dimensional parameters (outer diameter, insulation layer thickness, conductor cross-sectional area), electrical performance (insulation resistance, conductor resistance), etc. Only qualified products can enter the final packaging link, and unqualified products will be reworked or scrapped.
Packaging Materials:
Plastic Reels: For long-length cables (such as 500 meters, 1000 meters), high-strength polyethylene (PE) plastic reels are used for packaging. The diameter of the reel is designed according to the length of the cable, usually between 30-60cm. Both ends of the reel are provided with baffles with a height of 10-15cm, which can effectively prevent the cable from slipping off the reel during transportation and storage. Plastic reels have the characteristics of light weight, impact resistance and corrosion resistance, which can protect the cable from mechanical damage and facilitate handling and unwinding with machinery.
Cartons: Short-length cables (such as 10 meters, 20 meters, 50 meters, 100 meters) are packaged in cartons. The cartons are made of five-layer corrugated paper, which has good compressive performance and can withstand a certain amount of stacking pressure. The inside of the carton is lined with moisture-proof paper to prevent the cable from getting damp. For cables of 10-50 meters, they are usually coiled into a circle and placed in the carton, with a hard paper tube fixed in the middle to avoid the cable from loosening; 100-meter cables are packaged in small reels and then put into the carton.
Plastic Film: Whether it is reel packaging or carton packaging, the outer layer of the cable is wrapped with a layer of polyethylene plastic film with a thickness of 0.05-0.1mm. The plastic film has good moisture-proof and dust-proof properties, which can effectively isolate moisture and dust in the air, protect the insulation layer and conductor of the cable from pollution and erosion, and ensure the stable performance of the cable during storage and transportation.
Strapping Tape: In addition to the plastic film, the outer layer of the cable packaged with plastic reels is reinforced with polypropylene strapping tape, which tightly fixes the cable and the reel together to prevent the cable from loosening due to bumps during transportation.
Packaging Methods:
Reel Packaging: Long-length cables are neatly wound on plastic reels. When winding, ensure that the cables are arranged tightly, without crossing or twisting. After winding, wrap the entire reel and cable with plastic film in a spiral manner starting from the bottom of the reel until they are completely covered. The overlapping width of the film is not less than 5cm, and finally, reinforce the two ends and the middle of the reel with strapping tape. Product labels are pasted on the outer side of the reel's baffles, which detail the product name, model, specification, length, production date, execution standard, manufacturer and contact information, etc.
Carton Packaging: Short-length cables are coiled and put into cartons. Foam pads or bubble film are filled around the cables to prevent them from shaking in the cartons. After closing the carton lid, strap the carton twice horizontally and vertically with packing straps to ensure the carton is firm. The same product labels as reel packaging are printed or pasted on the surface of the carton, and the labels are placed on the front and side of the carton for easy identification.
Packaging Labels: In addition to the basic product information, the packaging is also printed with relevant warning signs, such as "Keep away from sunlight", "Protect from rain", "Handle with care", "Stacking limit", etc. The "Stacking limit" sign usually indicates the maximum number of stacking layers (such as ≤5 layers) to prevent the bottom packaging from being damaged due to excessive stacking. At the same time, the label also indicates the storage conditions of the product, such as "Store in a cool and dry place, away from fire and heat sources", to guide users to store the cable correctly.
Transportation Methods:
Road Transportation: It is a commonly used transportation method for this cable, suitable for medium and short-distance transportation. Road transportation has high flexibility and speed, and can provide door-to-door service. The transport vehicles are usually trucks, and the carriage must be kept clean, dry and flat, without sharp objects and corrosive substances. For reel-packaged cables, they should be firmly fixed in the carriage with ropes or brackets to prevent rolling during transportation; for carton-packaged cables, they should be stacked neatly, and the stacking height should be controlled to avoid excessive pressure on the lower layers.
Railway Transportation: It is suitable for long-distance and large-volume transportation of the cable. Railway transportation has the advantages of large transportation capacity, low cost and good stability, which can reduce the impact of bumps and vibrations during transportation on the cable. Cables are usually transported in containers or covered wagons. Container transportation can provide a better protective environment to prevent the cable from being affected by external factors such as rain and dust.
Waterway Transportation: It is mainly used for long-distance transportation across regions or countries, especially for large quantities of exported cables. Waterway transportation has low cost but long transportation cycle. During waterway transportation, the cable must be stored in the cabin to avoid being exposed to the open air and prevent erosion by rain, seawater, etc. It is also necessary to fix the cable firmly to prevent collision and damage caused by ship shaking.
Transportation Precautions:
Loading and Unloading: During loading and unloading, mechanical equipment (such as cranes, forklifts) or manual handling can be used, but rough operations such as throwing, dropping and dragging are strictly prohibited. For reel-packaged cables, special lifting tools should be used to hook the shaft hole of the reel for lifting and moving, so as to avoid damage to the reel and the cable. For carton-packaged cables, they should be lifted from the bottom to prevent the carton from breaking and the cable from falling.
Environmental Protection: During transportation, the cable should be protected from harsh environmental conditions such as high temperature, low temperature, strong sunlight and heavy rain. In hot summer, sunshade nets can be used to cover the cable to prevent the PVC insulation layer from aging and cracking due to high temperature; in rainy days, waterproof cloth should be used to cover the cable to prevent moisture. In cold winter, for areas with extremely low temperatures, thermal insulation measures can be taken if necessary to avoid embrittlement of the insulation layer caused by excessive cold.
Prohibition of Mixed Loading: The cable must not be mixed with flammable, explosive, corrosive or toxic substances for transportation to prevent accidents such as fire, explosion or cable contamination. If it is necessary to transport with other goods, effective isolation measures must be taken, such as using partitions or separate compartments.
Transportation Documents: Complete transportation documents must be prepared during transportation, including waybills, packing lists, product quality certificates, etc. The documents should clearly indicate the product name, specification, quantity, origin, destination, consignor, consignee and other information to ensure smooth customs clearance and delivery.
Order Confirmation: After receiving the user's order, the manufacturer's sales staff should confirm the order details with the user in a timely manner, including the cable's specification, quantity, delivery address, delivery time, packaging requirements, payment method, etc. For special requirements put forward by users, such as customized lengths or special packaging marks, in-depth communication is needed to ensure that both parties reach an agreement.
Inventory Check: According to the confirmed order information, the warehouse staff will check the inventory. If the inventory is sufficient, they will arrange for goods preparation immediately; if the inventory is insufficient, they will notify the production department to arrange production as soon as possible to ensure that the goods can be delivered within the agreed time. During the inventory check, the staff must carefully check the cable's model, specification, production date and packaging status to ensure that the delivered products are qualified.
Goods Preparation and Inspection: The warehouse staff will pick the corresponding cables according to the order requirements and conduct a comprehensive inspection of the products. The inspection contents include whether the cable's appearance is intact (no damage to the insulation layer, no deformation of the conductor), whether the packaging is intact, whether the label information is clear and consistent with the order, etc. If any unqualified products are found, they must be replaced in a timely manner.
Delivery Arrangement: The logistics department will select a suitable transportation method and logistics company according to the delivery address, quantity and urgency. They will sign a transportation contract with the logistics company to clarify the rights, obligations and liability for compensation in case of damage. After the goods are shipped, the logistics information (such as logistics company name, waybill number, estimated arrival time) will be fed back to the user promptly, so that the user can track the logistics status.
Delivery Follow-up: After the goods are delivered, the manufacturer's staff will track the logistics information in real time. If there is a delay in delivery, damage to the goods or other abnormal situations, they will communicate with the logistics company and the user in a timely manner to solve the problem. After the user receives the goods and confirms that they are correct, the delivery process is completed.
Sample Application: Users can apply for samples through the manufacturer's official website, phone calls, emails and other channels. When applying, users need to provide basic information such as contact person, contact number, company name and delivery address, and specify the required cable specifications and quantity. Generally, manufacturers provide free samples, but users need to bear the sample transportation cost.
Sample Preparation: After receiving the user's sample application, the manufacturer will arrange for sample preparation. The samples are taken from the same batch of qualified products as the formal products to ensure that the performance of the samples is consistent with that of the batch products. The length of each sample is usually 1-5 meters, which is sufficient for users to conduct tests such as appearance inspection, size measurement and conductivity testing.
Sample Delivery: The prepared samples are packaged and delivered to users through appropriate logistics methods (such as express delivery). The packaging of the samples should be intact to avoid damage during transportation. The sample delivery information will be notified to the user, including the express company and waybill number.
Sample Feedback: After receiving the samples, users can conduct relevant tests and evaluations. If users have any questions or suggestions about the samples, the manufacturer's technical staff will provide professional answers and explanations. Users' feedback on samples is also an important reference for manufacturers to improve products and services.
Quality Guarantee: The manufacturer provides a quality guarantee period for the cable, usually 1-3 years from the date of delivery. During the guarantee period, if the cable has quality problems (such as insulation layer cracking, conductor breakage, etc.) due to manufacturing defects, which affect normal use, users can apply for repair, replacement or return with the purchase invoice and product certificate. The manufacturer will verify the problem and handle it in a timely manner according to the actual situation.
Technical Support: Users can consult the manufacturer's technical staff for technical problems encountered in the process of installing, using and maintaining the cable. Technical staff will provide professional guidance and solutions through phone calls, emails, video conferences or on-site services, such as providing installation specifications, answering questions about cable selection and use, and troubleshooting.
Complaint Handling: If users are dissatisfied with product quality or service, they can file a complaint with the manufacturer's after-sales department. The after-sales department will record the complaint content in detail, conduct an investigation and verification, and give a clear reply and handling plan within 3-5 working days. For reasonable complaints, the manufacturer will take active measures to make up for the user's losses.
Regular Return Visit: The manufacturer will conduct regular return visits to users who have purchased the cable, understand the use of the cable, collect users' opinions and suggestions on products and services, and use them as a basis for product improvement and service optimization. Regular return visits can enhance communication with users, improve user satisfaction and establish a good corporate image.
Hongtai Cable Technology Co. , Ltd
อีเมล: export@qlcables.com
sales@qlcables.com
โทร/whatsapp:+86-18032066271
เพิ่ม： เขตพัฒนาอุตสาหกรรม Xiaokou, Ningjin County, Xingtai City， Hebei Province, จีน
ลิขสิทธิ์© Hongtai Cable Technology Co. , Ltd การสนับสนุนด้านเทคนิค:เทคโนโลยี Ronglida
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